Welcome to Android Design, your place for learning how to design exceptional Android apps.
User Interface
Featured
Android’s system UI provides the framework on top of which you build your app. Important aspects include the Home screen experience, global device navigation, and notifications.
Your app will play an important part in keeping the overall Android experience consistent and enjoyable to use. At the end of this chapter we introduce the main elements for achieving this goal in your app.
Read on for a quick overview of the most important aspects of the Android user interface.
Design Principles
Featured
These design principles were developed by and for the Android User Experience Team to keep users’ best interests in mind. Consider them as you apply your own creativity and design thinking. Deviate with purpose.
Goals
Featured
Ice Cream Sandwich (Android 4.0) marks a major milestone for Android design. Nearly every pixel of the system was redesigned as we expanded the new design approaches introduced in Honeycomb tablets to all types of mobile devices. Starting with the most basic elements, a new font, Roboto, was introduced and designed for high-resolution displays. Other big changes include framework-level action bars on phones and support for new phones without physical buttons.
The design work is focused with three overarching goals for core apps and the system at large. As you design apps to work with Android, consider the goals in the following posts.
Common App UI
A typical Android app consists of action bars and the app content area.
-
Main Action Bar
The command and control center for your app. The main action bar includes elements for navigating your app’s hierarchy and views, and also surfaces the most important actions.
-
View Control
Allows users to switch between the different views that your app provides. Views typically consist of different arrangements of your data or different functional aspects of your app.
-
Content Area
The space where the content of your app is displayed.
-
Split Action Bar
Split action bars provide a way to distribute actions across additional bars located below the main action bar or at the bottom of the screen. In this example, a split action bar moves important actions that won’t fit in the main bar to the bottom.
Notifications
Notifications are brief messages that users can access at any time from the status bar. They provide updates, reminders, or information that’s important, but not critical enough to warrant interrupting the user. Open the notifications drawer by swiping down on the status bar. Touching a notification opens the associated app. More on Notifications
![](https://i0.wp.com/developer.android.com/design/media/ui_overview_notifications.png)
![](https://i0.wp.com/developer.android.com/design/media/notifications_dismiss.png)
System Bars
In General
The system bars are screen areas dedicated to the display of notifications, communication of device status, and device navigation. Typically the system bars are displayed concurrently with your app. Apps that display immersive content, such as movies or images, can temporarily hide the system bars to allow the user to enjoy full screen content without distraction.
-
Status Bar
Displays pending notifications on the left and status, such as time, battery level, or signal strength, on the right. Swipe down from the status bar to show notification details.
-
Navigation Bar
New for phones in Android 4.0, the navigation bar is present only on devices that don’t have the traditional hardware keys. It houses the device navigation controls Back, Home, and Recents, and also displays a menu for apps written for Android 2.3 or earlier.
-
Combined Bar
On tablet form factors the status and navigation bars are combined into a single bar at the bottom of the screen.
Home, All Apps, and Recents
Home screen
Home is a customizable space that houses app shortcuts, folders and widgets. Navigate between different home screen panels by swiping left and right.
The Favorites Tray at the bottom always keeps your most important shortcuts and folders in view regardless of which panel is currently showing.
Access the entire collection of apps and widgets by touching the All Apps button at the center of the Favorites Tray.
All apps screen
The All Apps screen lets you browse the entire set of apps and widgets that are installed on your device.
Users can drag an app or widget icon from the All Apps screen and place it in any empty location on any Home screen.
Recents screen
Recents provides an efficient way of switching between recently used applications. It provides a clear navigation path between multiple ongoing tasks.
The Recents button at the right side of the navigation bar displays the apps that the user has interacted with most recently. They are organized in reverse chronological order with the most recently used app at the bottom.
Switch to an app by touching it. Remove an item by swiping left or right.
Making apps amazing
Give me tricks that work everywhere
People feel great when they figure things out for themselves. Make your app easier to learn by leveraging visual patterns and muscle memory from other Android apps. For example, the swipe gesture may be a good navigational shortcut.
![](https://i0.wp.com/developer.android.com/design/media/principles_tricks.png)
It’s not my fault
Be gentle in how you prompt people to make corrections. They want to feel smart when they use your app. If something goes wrong, give clear recovery instructions but spare them the technical details. If you can fix it behind the scenes, even better.
![](https://i0.wp.com/developer.android.com/design/media/principles_error.png)
Sprinkle encouragement
Break complex tasks into smaller steps that can be easily accomplished. Give feedback on actions, even if it’s just a subtle glow.
![](https://i0.wp.com/developer.android.com/design/media/principles_sprinkle_encouragement.png)
Do the heavy lifting for me
Make novices feel like experts by enabling them to do things they never thought they could. For example, shortcuts that combine multiple photo effects can make amateur photographs look amazing in only a few steps.
![](https://i0.wp.com/developer.android.com/design/media/principles_heavy_lifting.png)
Make important things fast
Not all actions are equal. Decide what’s most important in your app and make it easy to find and fast to use, like the shutter button in a camera, or the pause button in a music player.
![](https://i0.wp.com/developer.android.com/design/media/principles_make_important_fast.png)
Enchanting people
Beauty is more than skin deep. Android apps are sleek and aesthetically pleasing on multiple levels. Transitions are fast and clear; layout and typography are crisp and meaningful. App icons are works of art in their own right. Just like a well-made tool, your app should strive to combine beauty, simplicity and purpose to create a magical experience that is effortless and powerful.
Simplify My Life
Keep it brief
Use short phrases with simple words. People are likely to skip sentences if they’re long.
![](https://i0.wp.com/developer.android.com/design/media/principles_keep_it_brief.png)
Pictures are faster than words
Consider using pictures to explain ideas. They get people’s attention and can be much more efficient than words.
![](https://i0.wp.com/developer.android.com/design/media/principles_pictures.png)
Decide for me but let me have the final say
Take your best guess and act rather than asking first. Too many choices and decisions make people unhappy. Just in case you get it wrong, allow for ‘undo’.
![](https://i0.wp.com/developer.android.com/design/media/principles_decide_for_me.png)
Only show what I need when I need it
People get overwhelmed when they see too much at once. Break tasks and information into small, digestible chunks. Hide options that aren’t essential at the moment, and teach people as they go.
![](https://i0.wp.com/developer.android.com/design/media/principles_information_when_need_it.png)
I should always know where I am
Give people confidence that they know their way around. Make places in your app look distinct and use transitions to show relationships among screens. Provide feedback on tasks in progress.
![](https://i0.wp.com/developer.android.com/design/media/principles_navigation.png)
Never lose my stuff
Save what people took time to create and let them access it from anywhere. Remember settings, personal touches, and creations across phones, tablets, and computers. It makes upgrading the easiest thing in the world.
![](https://i0.wp.com/developer.android.com/design/media/principles_never_lose_stuff.png)
If it looks the same, it should act the same
Help people discern functional differences by making them visually distinct rather than subtle. Avoid modes, which are places that look similar but act differently on the same input.
![](https://i0.wp.com/developer.android.com/design/media/principles_looks_same.png)
Only interrupt me if it’s important
Like a good personal assistant, shield people from unimportant minutiae. People want to stay focused, and unless it’s critical and time-sensitive, an interruption can be taxing and frustrating.
![](https://i0.wp.com/developer.android.com/design/media/principles_important_interruption.png)